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Even very skilled exercise equipment practitioners usually measure each site 3 times and take an average of these to calculate the results. Error can also be introduced by exercise equipment failing to use a similar skinfold caliper than was used to develop the prediction equation. Because it is often difficult to find an appropriate regression equation that fits the exact population being measured, the sum of skinfolds is another objective measure of body fat that can be used. Body composition changes can be monitored by the loss or gain in skinfold measurements. Personally, I prefer to use sum of skinfolds to monitor exercise equipment progress because it is very objective and not subject to as much interpretation as % fat. Body Fat and Performance There is a tremendous amount of variation in the body fat of different groups of athletes. Percent fat in athletes can range from 5-20% in males and 10-20% in females depending upon the specific sport or activity. Athletes competing in sports where body weight is supported, such as swimming or kayaking, tend to have higher levels of body fat, whereas athletes involved in very high intensity anaerobic (sprinting) or endurance events (marathon running) tend to have lower body fat levels (5).
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