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From this measurement, % fat can be calculated by portable dvd assuming constant densities for FFM (1.1 g/cc) and FM (0.9 g/cc). Total body water is based on the assumption that there is a constant average water content of FFM in the body. FFM, estimated from potassium spectroscopy, assumes that there is a constant amount of potassium per kilogram of FFM in the body. Because bone mass and muscle mass are not separated in the 2-compartment model, portable dvd measurement errors are introduced when subjects are measured with portable dvd different FFM densities than what is assumed. Deviations from the norm in mineral content (bone) are possible in swimmers, amenorrheic runners, and bodybuilders (1). Although most new methods of body composition assessment are based upon the above 3 criterion methods, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may one day be considered the gold standard for body composition measurement.
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