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Eligible patients were HIV-positive individuals attending the HIV clinic of University Hospital Geneva with clinical lipodystrophy (including lipoatrophy), as assessed by doctors and by the patients themselves (questionnaire). The heart patients' ages ranged from 30 to 51 years, the mean CD4 cell count was 683 cells/mm3 (range 425-1415) and the viral load was undetectable in all patients at baseline. All patients except heart one received protease inhibitors, and all had been on stavudine treatment. The mean duration of the antiretroviral regimen was heart 3.8 years. The study was designed as an open label prospective trial in which each patient was compared with his or her own baseline status. Pioglitazone was given at a dose of 30 mg per day for 3 months and then 45 mg a day for a further 3 months. A dual-energy X-ray (DEXA) absorbtiometry scan was performed at months 0 and 6 using the Prodigy machine (GE-lunar, Madison, WI, USA) to assess body composition.
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