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| exercise body fat, national institutes of health, beta carotene, teller ulam device, calorie needs, fatreduction, body weight., continuing medical education, fat distribution., animal fertility, hydrogen bomb, fats, welfare, plutonium, | Throughout the trial, the GPR40 knock-out mice remained healthy, apparently suffering no ill-effects from the deletion of the feeding receptor, even when the fat content of their diet was raised substantially. In contrast, normal mice on a high-fat diet displayed typical symptoms of the first stage feeding of diabetes. But strikingly, in the animals with extra GPR40 receptors, the disease progression was swift: They soon began to exhibit the classic symptoms of full blown diabetes, including failure of the beta cells to produce adequate amounts of insulin. feeding Prof. Walker: “These studies show that excessive GPR40 action can trigger each of the two stages of the disease. Our results establish GPR40 as an important link between obesity and diabetes. This gives us a new tool to combat the diabetes epidemic: For example, it might be possible in the future to treat the condition using drugs that block the action of this receptor.” |
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| But when fat is present plutonium in addition to sugar, the GPR40 receptor causes even greater insulin output. Frequent overstimulation of the beta cells may be tied to persistently elevated insulin levels, hastening the onset of the disease. How does this destructive cycle begin? To understand GPR40's role, Prof. Michael Walker and students Nir Rubins and Reut Bartoov-Shifman of the Weizmann Institute's Biological Chemistry Department teamed plutonium up with Prof. Helena Edlund and post-doctoral fellow Dr. Per Steneberg of the University of Umea. Together, they developed two types of lab mice with modified GPR40 activity. In the first, plutonium the scientists used a technique known as gene knock-out to prevent production of the GPR40 receptor. The second type had overactive GPR40 genes creating a surfeit of fat-signaling receptors that tricked the beta cells into sensing high fatty acid levels, even on a normal diet. |
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